Date of Award

5-2026

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership

Department

Educational Leadership

First Reader/Committee Chair

Murillo, Enrique

Abstract

International students continue to represent a vital and growing population within U.S. higher education; however, many encounter significant cultural, academic, and emotional challenges during their transition to American institutions. This qualitative thematic analysis study explored the lived experiences of international students navigating culture shock in U.S. higher education and examined how these experiences influenced their academic adjustment, social integration, and psychological well-being. Grounded in Kim’s Integrative Theory of Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Schlossberg’s Transition Theory, this study sought to understand how students made meaning of their cultural transition and what personal and institutional factors facilitated or hindered their adaptation.

Nine international students enrolled at public U.S. universities participated in semi-structured interviews conducted via Zoom. Participants represented diverse geographic regions, academic disciplines, and levels of study. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase thematic analysis framework. Through systematic coding and theme development, six major themes emerged: (1) expectations versus reality of life and study in the United States, (2) academic adjustment and classroom communication norms, (3) social integration, belonging, and friendship formation, (4) emotional and psychological responses to culture shock, (5) coping mechanisms and resilience development, and (6) institutional support and resource utilization.

Findings revealed that culture shock is a layered and non-linear process shaped by communication norms, host receptivity, peer networks, and access to culturally responsive institutional support. Participants described initial disorientation, loneliness, and identity shifts, followed by gradual development of resilience, independence, and intercultural competence. While institutional resources such as international student offices and academic support services were helpful, awareness and accessibility varied. Students emphasized the importance of peer relationships, faculty engagement, and culturally inclusive campus climates in fostering belonging and successful adaptation.

This study contributes to the literature by centering international student voices and highlighting the interconnected psychological, social, and institutional dimensions of culture shock. Implications for practice include the need for ongoing culturally responsive orientation programs, structured peer mentorship, faculty intercultural training, and integrated support systems that extend beyond administrative compliance. By reframing culture shock as both a developmental challenge and a growth-oriented process, this research advances equity-minded educational leadership and offers recommendations for institutions seeking to foster holistic international student success.

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