Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2017
Publication Title
Letras Femeninas
Volume
43
Issue
1
First Page
60
Last Page
77
ISSN
0277-4356
DOI
10.14321/letrfeme.43.1.0060
Keywords
Anthologies, Book clubs, Fundraising, Hispanic American women, Imperialism
Abstract
Brindis poems were popular in the nineteenth century. Accompanied by the raise of a glass, their verses were meant to celebrate a person or event. Only two decades after the Mexican-American War, Latinas/os living in the newly annexed territories of the American West found themselves using the brindis genre to declare their loyalties to Mexico against a new invader, France. Among the most ardent supporters of the Mexican army's fight against French imperialism were lower and middle-class Latinas who formed Mexican patriotic clubs exclusively for women in California and Nevada. This article examines one brindis series recited by women of the Patriotic Club of Mexico of Virginia City, Nevada, and two series of such poems by women of the Zaragoza Club of Los Angeles published in 1865 in the San Francisco, Spanish-language newspaper El Nuevo Mundo. By reading the printed brindis as a trace of the original vocal and performative gesture, this article asserts that the verses of these women were a three-fold protest: first, through their performance in the public sphere, these Latinas disrupted their political disenfranchisement as women; second, they contested outright European tyrants; and third, by verbalizing anti-colonial sentiment more broadly, they protested their annexation by the U.S. in a shrouded, but powerful way. The article explores some of the most salient stylistic features of the brindis poems, including the mocking tone of most of the rhymed verses, call and response technique, and gendered rhetoric of patriotic “deber” or duty.
Rights
Copright 2017 Perez, Vanessa Ovalle
Recommended Citation
Perez, Vanessa O., "Toasting México in the American West: Brindis Poems and Political Loyalties of Women's Mexican Patriotic Clubs" (2017). English Faculty Publications. 5.
https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/english-publications/5