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  Sentential Logic

  Tony Roy

  Textbook for symbolic logic, beginning at a level appropriate for beginning students, continuing through Godel's completeness and incompleteness theorems. Excerpted from the longer text including chapter 1 and the first parts of chapters 2 - 7.

  From the preface: There is, I think, a gap between what many students learn in their first course in formal logic, and what they are expected to know for their second. While courses in mathematical logic with metalogical components often cast only the barest glance at mathematical induction or even the very idea of reasoning from definitions, a first course may also leave these untreated, and fail explicitly to lay down the definitions upon which the second course is based. The aim of this text is to integrate material from these courses and, in particular, to make serious mathematical logic accessible to students I teach. The first parts introduce classical symbolic logic as appropriate for beginning students; the last parts build to Gödel’s adequacy and incompleteness results. A distinctive feature of the last section is a complete development of Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem.

  Contents

  Front Matter

  I The Elements: Four Notions of Validity

  1 Logical Validity and Soundness

  2 Formal Languages

  3 Axiomatic Deduction

  4 Semantics

  5 Translation

  6 Natural Deduction

  II Transition: Reasoning About Logic

  7 Direct Semantic Reasoning

  Answers to Selected Exercises

  Bibliography

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  Symbolic Logic

  Tony Roy

  Textbook for symbolic logic, beginning at a level appropriate for beginning students, continuing through Godel's completeness and incompleteness theorems.

  
  From the preface: There is, I think, a gap between what many students learn in their first course in formal logic, and what they are expected to know for their second. While courses in mathematical logic with metalogical components often cast only the barest glance at mathematical induction or even the very idea of reasoning from definitions, a first course may also leave these untreated, and fail explicitly to lay down the definitions upon which the second course is based. The aim of this text is to integrate material from these courses and, in particular, to make serious mathematical logic accessible to students I teach. The first parts introduce classical symbolic logic as appropriate for beginning students; the last parts build to Gödel’s adequacy and incompleteness results. A distinctive feature of the last section is a complete development of Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem.

  Contents

  Front Matter

  I The Elements: Four Notions of Validity

  1 Logical Validity and Soundness

  2 Formal Languages

  3 Axiomatic Deduction

  4 Semantics

  5 Translation

  6 Natural Deduction

  II Transition: Reasoning About Logic

  7 Direct Semantic Reasoning

  8 Mathematical Induction

  III Classical Metalogic: Soundness and Adequacy

  9 Preliminary Results

  10 Main Results

  11 More Main Results

  IV Logic and Arithmetic: Incompleteness and Computability

  12 Recursive Functions and Q

  13 Gödel’s Theorems

  14 Logic and Computability

  Concluding Remarks

  Answers to Selected Exercises

  Bibliography

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  Restorative Practices Training Manual

  John M. Winslade, Elizabeth Espinoza, Michelle Myers, and Henry Yzaguirre

  This manual is designed to support the process of training school personnel in the San Bernardino City Unified School District to implement Restorative Practices into the schools in their district. What is outlined below are the following:

  • The need that the introduction of restorative practices is designed to respond to
  • The key ideas and assumptions that underlie restorative practices
  • The training and consultation process that aims to implement these ideas in the school district
  • An explanation of the specific practices that training will be offered in
  • A summary of what current research data says about the value of these approaches
  • A bibliography of readings that interested and key personnel can follow up and read more about.